The genomic sequence of PVBV was the first potyviral sequence to be reported from India. As with other potyviruses, PVBV virions also bind to aphid mouthparts indirectly through interaction with HC-Pro. The aphid transmission takes place by interaction of the virions with aphids via helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) which is a multifunctional potyviral protein having various functional motifs. Potyviruses are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent and non-circulative manner and by seeds to the progeny of infected plants. In bell-pepper, systemic infection of PVBV leads to development of symptoms like mottling, leaf malformation, elongation of petiole and narrowing of leaves. PVBV infects Solanaceae plants such as bell-pepper ( Capsicum annuum) and chili ( Capsicum frutescens) and thus pose a major threat to the agriculture. However, a major bottleneck in its cultivation was crop loss due to infection by viruses, particularly by pepper vein banding virus (PVBV). In the Indian subcontinent, pepper/chili is an economically important crop. Apart from infecting agriculture crops, potyviruses have wild plant hosts as well. Potyviruses cause significant loss to agricultural productivity by infecting economically important crops-especially those belonging to the Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Cruciferae and Compositae family. The genus Potyvirus, named after its type species, Potato virus Y (PVY), in the family Potyviridae is the largest group of plant RNA viruses that are also economically very important. Further, virus-like nanoparticle-cell interactions and intracellular fate of PVBV VLPs are also discussed. This review also discusses PVBV virus-like particles (VLPs) and their potential applications in nanotechnology. Deciphering the function of PVBV-encoded proteins and their interactions with cognitive partners will help in understanding the putative mechanisms by which the potyviral proteins are regulated at different stages of the viral life-cycle. Intrinsically disordered domains/regions of these proteins play an important role in their interactions with other proteins. In this review, we summarize the functional characterization of different PVBV-encoded proteins with an emphasis on their interaction partners governing the multifunctionality of potyviral proteins. Like other potyviruses, PVBV encodes multifunctional proteins, with several interaction partners, having implications at different stages of the potyviral infection.

Pepper vein banding virus (PVBV) is a distinct species in the Potyvirus genus which infects economically important plants in several parts of India.

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